Not only does regular exercise offer numerous physical and mental benefits, but it can also positively influence the duration, regularity, and discomfort associated with menstruation. In this article, we will explore the relationship between exercise and a healthy menstrual cycle, uncovering the science-backed advantages and offering practical advice for women of all fitness levels.

Understanding the Menstrual Cycle:

The menstrual cycle refers to the monthly hormonal fluctuations and physiological changes that occur in a woman’s body. It typically lasts around 28 days, although variations are common. A healthy cycle is characterized by predictable patterns, consistent cycle length, minimal pain, and moderate blood flow. Understanding the phases of the menstrual cycle is crucial for comprehending how exercise can impact it.

The menstrual cycle consists of four phases:

• Menstrual phase: This phase marks the start of the cycle when menstruation occurs and lasts for 3 to 7 days on average.
• Follicular phase: During this phase, the uterus prepares for potential pregnancy by developing a new egg. It typically lasts from days 1 to 14 of the cycle.
• Ovulation: Around day 14 of the cycle, an egg is released from the ovary. This is the most fertile phase of the menstrual cycle.
• Luteal phase: Following ovulation, the body prepares for pregnancy by producing higher levels of progesterone. If pregnancy doesn’t occur, the uterine lining sheds, and a new menstrual cycle begins.

The Positive Effects of Exercise on Menstrual Health:

Research studies have provided compelling evidence supporting the beneficial impact of exercise on menstrual health. Regular physical activity has been shown to reduce menstrual pain, regulate periods, and improve fertility.

• Reduced Menstrual Pain: Engaging in exercise releases endorphins, the body’s natural pain-relieving hormones, which can help alleviate menstrual cramps. Additionally, exercise promotes circulation and reduces inflammation, leading to reduced pain during menstruation.
• Improved Cycle Regularity: Studies have suggested that regular exercise can help regulate menstrual cycles. The physical and hormonal changes induced by exercise contribute to a more balanced hormonal environment, promoting cycle regularity.
• Enhanced Fertility: Exercise can positively influence fertility by improving overall health and hormonal balance. Maintaining a healthy weight through exercise has been linked to increased fertility rates, while excessive exercise or low body weight can disrupt menstrual function and hinder conception.

Types of Exercise for Menstrual Health:

To harness the benefits of exercise for a healthy menstrual cycle, certain types of physical activity are particularly beneficial:

• Yoga: Gentle yoga poses can promote relaxation, reduce stress, and alleviate menstrual discomfort. Specific poses, such as the reclining bound angle pose, and the child’s pose, and happy baby can target the pelvic area and relieve cramps.
• Cardiovascular Exercise: Engaging in aerobic activities like walking, jogging, swimming, or cycling increases heart rate, improves circulation, and releases endorphins, aiding in pain reduction and overall menstrual health.
• Strength Training: Incorporating strength training exercises, such as weightlifting or resistance training, can enhance muscle tone and overall fitness. Stronger core and back muscles can provide better support to the uterus and help reduce menstrual discomfort.

Recommended Exercise Duration and Frequency:

For optimal menstrual health, experts recommend aiming for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise per week. It is advisable to spread the exercise across the week.

Overcoming Challenges When Exercising During Your Period

While exercising during your period can be challenging, there are ways to overcome discomfort and fatigue. Wearing comfortable clothing, staying hydrated, and taking breaks when needed can help. Additionally, choosing low-impact exercises such as yoga or walking can be more comfortable during your period.

Dr. Danielle Lewis, NMD