Breast pain is a common concern that affects many individuals at various stages of life. While it can be alarming, it is often caused by something non-threatening and linked to hormonal fluctuations, especially with the menstrual cycle. One of the most common causes of breast pain is fibrocystic breast disease, a condition characterized by lumpy or rope-like breast tissue that can lead to tenderness, swelling, and discomfort. This condition results from hormonal changes, particularly estrogen and progesterone, which can cause the breast tissue to thicken and form cysts. While fibrocystic changes are not harmful, they can make the breast tissue feel sensitive or painful.
In addition to fibrocystic breast disease, other common causes of breast pain include simple cysts, fibroadenomas (a type of dense lump), breast injuries, or infections. Lifestyle factors like high caffeine intake, decreased physical activity, and stress can all contribute to breast pain. It is also important to note that poorly fitting bras and bras with underwire can strain the breast tissue.
If breast pain is persistent or accompanied by other symptoms like new, unusual lumps, nipple discharge, skin irritation over the breasts, or dimpling of the skin, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider for a thorough evaluation.
Regular breast self-exams can help individuals become familiar with their breast tissue, making it easier to identify any changes. I typically recommend my patients perform a self-exam at least once per month, ideally away from their menses. In addition to this, seeing your physician for an annual well-woman’s exam can help with identifying any problematic findings. Bi-annual mammograms are considered the standard for screening in women 40 years of age and older.
To help manage breast pain, there are some things you can do:
- Eat a diet high in whole foods, such as fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, seeds, and meat in moderation. The goal is to minimize processed and refined foods.
- Limit caffeine intake.
- Stay active; regular exercise can help balance hormones and reduce stress.
- Increase lymphatic movement through skin brushing, rebounding on a trampoline, or massage.
- Avoid bras with underwire and limit your time wearing a bra if possible.
Paying attention to your body is an important part of staying healthy. Although breast pain is often caused by something non-concerning, it is beneficial to implement preventative action so you can decrease daily discomfort and be aware of what your “normal” feels like.
Scheduling a visit with your doctor helps improve your understanding of anything you don’t recognize with your breast tissue.
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